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The library · Edition and sources

Origen: Against Celsus, Books I–VIII

ANF historical edition · Edition commentary

Book VIII — Translator and historical edition notes (part 3)

Read in this edition: source locators and uncertainty marks are retained. Square brackets can mark gaps or editorial interventions; headings and supplied subtitles belong to the edition. Coverage and cautions

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ὑπὲρ ἐπιστροφῆς .

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Cf. Odyss ., xii. 45.

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Ibid ., xii. 184.

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παιώνιον φάρμακον .

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εἶτε διαρθροῦντα τὸ τοιοῦτον παρ᾽ ἑαυτῷ .

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καὶ δυνάμενον πρεσβεῦσαι περὶ τοῦ λόγου καλῶς .

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ἀλλὰ μυθικώτερον συγκατατιθέμενον τῷ λόγῳ .

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Cf. 2 Sam. xxii. 44, 45 .

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Cf. Isa. lxv. 1 .

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οὐχὶ ἔθνος, ἀλλὰ λογάδας πανταχόθεν .

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Cf. Deut. xxxii. 21 .

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τὴν κατ᾽ αὐτὸν θεοσέβειαν καὶ διδασκαλίαν .

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δημηγορίας : cf. book i. c. 71.

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δημηγορίας : cf. book i. c. 71.

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κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν καλουμένης ὄνου σκιᾶς μάχης . On this proverb, see Zenobius, Centuria Sexta , adag. 28, and the note of Schottius. Cf. also Suidas, s.v. ὄνου σκιά .— De la Rue .

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σεμνόν .

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διά τινος γοητείας .

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κατὰ τὰ ᾽Ιουδαίων πάτρια .

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τῶν χρηματιζόντων μερίδος Θεοῦ .

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ἆρα γὰρ ὡς ἔτυχε .

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σὺν οὑδεμιᾷ πιθανότητι .

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σὺν οὑδεμιᾷ πιθανότητι .

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Ps. xcvi. 5 , δαιμόνια , “idols,” Auth. Vers. We have in this passage, and in many others, the identification of the δαίμονες or gods of the heathen with the δαίμονες or δαιμόνια , “evil spirits,” or angels, supposed to be mentioned in Gen. vi. 2 .

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The reading in the text is αὐτομολεῖν , on which Bohereau, with whom the Benedictine editor agrees, remarks that we must either read αὐτομολήσοντας , or understand some such word as ἑτοίμους before αὐτομολεῖν .

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Ps. xcvi. 5 , δαιμόνια , “idols,” Auth. Vers. We have in this passage, and in many others, the identification of the δαίμονες or gods of the heathen with the δαίμονες or δαιμόνια , “evil spirits,” or angels, supposed to be mentioned in Gen. vi. 2 .

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τὸ μεῖζον αὐτόθεν .

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μέχρι λόγου .

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πῶς οὐχὶ ἐξ εἰκότων κατασκευάζεται .

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καθ᾽ ὑπόθεσιν .

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θεόθεν .

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Τῆς καινοτομίας .

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Προκαταληφθεὶς ὡς ὑπο φίλτρων τῶν Αἰγυπτίων .

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Τὴν σύντροφον φωνήν .

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Cf. Ps. lxxxi. 5 .

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Συγγενεῖς εἰσιν αἱ προσηγορίαι .

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Σαφῶς ἐναργές .

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[Gibbon, in the sixteenth chapter of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , quotes the first part of this sentence as proving that “the learned Origen declares, in the most express terms, that the number of martyrs was very inconsiderable.” But see Guizot’s note on the passage. S.]

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᾽Επαύλεις .

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Δοξάριον .

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στάσεις ἰδίας .

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καί τοι οὐ πάντη ἦσαν ὀλίγοι .

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ἴϋγξ .

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The reading in Spencer’s and the Benedictine edition is ὑποτεμνομένας , for which Lommatzsch reads ὑπομεμνημένας .

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καὶ τὸ δοκοῦν .

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ἀπαθέστατα .

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᾽Εκδοχήν .

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Cf. 1 Cor. xv. 12 sqq.

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Cf. 2 Thess. ii. 2 .

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Cf. 1 Tim. vi. 20 .

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Τινὲς παρεκδοχαί . [He admits the fact, but does not justify such oppositions.]

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πολλὴν ἔχει διολκήν .

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φιλολόγον .

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τό πρέπον .

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1 Cor. xi. 19 .

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θείας ἐνεργείας .

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ἐπιφανείας .

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τὰ τοῦ παλαιοῦ λόγου παρακούσματα συμπλάττοντες, τούτοις προκαταυλοῦμεν καὶ προκατηχοῦμεν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ὥς οἱ τους κορυβαντιζομένους περιβομβοῦντες .

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οὐκ ἄν ἔχοι παραστῆσαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς μὲν ἐν παρακούσμασι γενόμενοι τῆς ἀληθείας, ὅσοι γε πειρώμεθα μετὰ λόγου πιστεύειν, πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα ζῶμεν δόγματα .

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προπυλαίων μεγέθη τε καὶ κάλλη .

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τὸ ἀνάλογον .

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[Clearly coincident with Clement and other early Fathers on this head.]

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φαντασίαν ἐξαποστέλλειν τοῖς ταῦτα μεμαθηκόσιν, ὅτι μὴ μάτην μεμύηνται .

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πεφαντάσθαι .

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αἰνίγματα .

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ὦ γενναῖε .

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διεξοδεύωμεν .

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1 Cor. ii. 6–8 .

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τηρήσεως .

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σαφήνειαν .

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μεταβάσεις .

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ἀφιλόσοφον χλεύην .

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βωμολόχος .

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The reading in the text is καὶ πρῶτοι , for which Bohereau proposes τὸ πρῶτον , which we have adopted in the translation.

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We have followed in the translation the emendation of Guietus, who proposes εἰ δὲ τὴν φαινομένην αὐτῷ ἀλήθειαν ἐπρέσβευσεν, οὐκ ἄν, κ.τ.λ., , instead of the textual reading, εἴ τε τῆς φαινομένης αὐτῷ ἀληθείας ἐπρέσβενσεν, οὐκ ἄν, κ.τ.λ .

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τὸν προηγούμενον ἡμῖν περὶ ψυχῆς κατασκευαστέον λόγον .

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Bohereau conjectures, with great probability, that instead of ἀποδεκτέον , we ought to read ἀποδεικτέον .

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Cf. Hom., Odyss ., xi. 303 and 304.

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εἰ τὸ ὑγιὲς ἔχουσιν .

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θιασώταις .

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ἀποκληρωτικῶς .

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εἰς δὲ τὰ περὶ τούτου ἀνεξετάστως ὁρμῶν ἀπιστήσαι τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ ;

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ἀμύθητον .

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ἐκστάσεων .

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μέσον .

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ἀστείους .

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Cf. Smith’s Dict. of Biograph ., s.v.

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εὐσεβῆ .

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κόσμιος .

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οἱ μῂ σεμνοί .

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ὅτε διὰ τοῦ Πυθίου στομίου περικαθεζομένῃ τῇ καλουμένῃ προφήτιδι πνεῦμα διὰ τῶν γυναικείων ὑπεισέρχεται τὸ μαντικὸν, ὁ ᾽Απόλλων, τὸ καθαρὸν ἀπὸ γηίνου σώματος . Boherellus conjectures τὸ μαντικὸν τοῦ ᾽Απόλλωνος τὸ καθαρον .

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οὕτω δαιμονίως .

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Herod., book iv. chaps. 14 and 15 (Cary’s transl.).

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τερατείαν .

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Guietus conjectures, καὶ πῶς, ὧ λῷστε .

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τῆς καταβαλλομένης οἰκοδομῆς .

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τοῦ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς δαίμονος, λαχόντος γέρας λοιβῆς τε κνίσσης τε .

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ὡς οὐ κοινωνήσαντος τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει, οὐδ᾽ ἀναλαβόντος τὴν ἐν ἀνθρώποις σάρκα ἐπιθυμοῦσαν κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος .

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᾽Αλλὰ γὰρ καὶ τὴν καταβᾶσαν εἰς ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν καὶ εἰς ἀνθρωπίνας περιστάσεις δύναμιν, καὶ ἀναλαβοῦσαν ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀνθρώπινον, ὲώρων ἐκ τοῦ πιστευεσθαι μετὰ τῶν θειοτέρων συμβαλλομένην εἰς σωτηρίαν τοῖς πιοτεύουσιν .

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μετὰ τοῦ πιστεύειν . Others read, μετὰ το πιστεύειν .

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λιχνείᾳ .

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τοιαῦτα γὰρ τὰ πανταχοῦ πολιτευόμενα ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῶν πόλεων πλήθη .

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φωστῆρες . [ Phil. ii. 15 . Very noteworthy are the details of this and the following chapter, and their defiant comparisons.]

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ἐκκλησία .

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ἐκκλησία .

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παροικούσας .

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βουλήν .

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βουλευταί .

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εὕροις ἂν τίνες μὲν τῆς ἐκκλησίας βουλευταὶ ἄξιοί εἰσιν, εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ πάντι πόγις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐν ἐκεινῇ πολιτεύεσθαι . Boherellus conjectures εὕροις ἂν ὅτι τινὲς μὲν, κ.τ.λ .

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τῆς ἐκ κατατάξεως ὑπεροχῆς .

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ὅτι και ἐπὶ τῶν σφόδρα ἀποτυγχανομένων βουλευτῶν καὶ ἀρχόντων ἐκκλησίας Θεοῦ, καὶ ῥαθυμότερον παρὰ τοὺς εὐτονωτέρως βιοῦντας, οὐδὲν ἧττόν ἐστιν εὑρεῖν ὡς ἐπίπαν ὑπεροχὴν, τὴν ἐν τῇ ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρετὰς προκοπῆ, παρὰ τὰ ἔθη τῶν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι βουλευτῶν καὶ ἀρχόντων . Boherellus conjectures ῥαθυμοτερων .

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ὥστε ὀϊστῷ βέλει συμφέρεσθαι . Spencer and Bohereau would delete βέλει as a gloss.

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Guietus would insert ἤ before ἵνα τὶ ὠφεληθῇ . This emendation is adopted in the translation.

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Cf. 1 Tim. iii. 16 .

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την οἰκονομίαν .

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Cf. John x. 18 .

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Cf. Matt. xxvii. 46–50 .

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Cf. John ii. 19 .

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Ps. xvi. 9, 10 .

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τῶν ὠφελουμένων .

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John v. 39 .

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Cf. Col. iv. 6 .

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πίστεως .

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1 Pet. iii. 15 .

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ἢτοι διαβαλοῦμεν τοῖς αὐτὴν μὴ παραδεξαμένοις, καὶ ἐγκαλέσομεν τῇ ἱστορία ὡς οὐκ ἀληθεὶ, ἤ δαιμόνιόν τι φησομεν παραπλήσιον τοῖς ἐπιδεικνυπένοις γόησιν ἀπατῆ ὀφθαλμῶν πεποιηκέναι καὶ περὶ τὸν ᾽Αστυπαλαιέα . Spencer in his edition includes μὴ in brackets, and renders, “Aut eos incusabimus, qui istam virtutem admiserint.”

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ἃς προσάγομεν αὐτῷ, ὡς διὰ μεταξὺ ὄντος τῆς τοῦ ἀγενήτου και τῆς τῶν γενητῶν πἄντων φύσεως . “Hoeschel (itemque Spencerus ad marg.) suspicabatur legendum: ὡς δὴ μεταξὺ ὄντος . Male. Nihil mutari necesse est. Agitur quippe de precibus, quas offerimus Deo ‘per eum qui veluti medius est inter increatam naturam et creatam.’”— Ruæus .

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ἀδολεσχῆσαι .

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τὰς τουτων ἀποδοχάς .

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ὡς κἄν τὸ τυχὸν ἀκολασίας κἂν ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγον γευσαμένου .

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οὗ ἀρετὰς οἱ μέν τινες κυβευτικώτερον ζῶντες καταψεύδονται .

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ἀκολούθως τῇ ἐν τῷ λέγειν τεραστὶως πιστικῇ δυνάμει .

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ὡς κατὰ νόμους αὐτῶν ἄρχοντος .

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ἀποφοράς .

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προαιρέσεως .

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ἐσωτερικῶν καὶ ἐποπτικῶν .

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ἢ ἥρωας ἐκ μεταβολῆς συστάντας ἀγαθῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ψυχῆς .

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[See vol. ii. p. 185, and the stinging reference of Justin, vol. i. p. 172, this series.]

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περι δὲ τοῦ ᾽Ιησοῦ ἤτοι δόξασα ἂν εἶναι εὐτυχὴς, ἢ καὶ βεβασανισμένως ἐξητασμένη, δοκοῦσα μὲν εὐτυχὴς παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς, βεβασανισμένως δὲ ἐξητασμένη παρὰ πάνυ ὀλιγωτάτοιβ .

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τοσοῦτον ποιεῖ πίστις, ὁποία δὴ προκατασχοῦσα .

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κυβευτικόν .

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ἡ κοινὴ ἔννοια .

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φίλτρον φυσικόν .

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ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑνώσει καὶ ἀνακράσει .

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[“By means of Origen the idea of a proper reasonable soul in Christ received a new dogmatical importance. This point, which up to this time had been altogether untouched with controversy with the Patripassians, was now for the first time expressly brought forward in a synod held against Beryllus of Bostra, a.d. 244, and the doctrine of a reasonable human soul in Christ settled as a doctrine of the Church.”— Neander’s History (ut supra) , vol. ii. p. 309, with the references there. See also Waterland’s Works , vol. i. pp. 330, 331. S.]

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διαλεκτικός .

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τόν ἀπὸ τοῦ τάφου .

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οὐκ εἰδότες πῶς καὶ καθό .

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Cf. Callimach., Hymn , i. Cf. also Tit. i. 12 .

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τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ θανάτου γεγονέναι περὶ τὸν Δία .

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[The sarcastic raillery of Celsus in regard to the ignorance and low social scale of the early converts to Christianity is in keeping with his whole tone and manner. On the special value of the evidence of early Christian writers, such as Justin Martyr , Clement, Origen, etc., to the truth and power, among men of all classes, of the Gospel of our Lord, see Rawlinson’s Bampton Lectures, The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records , Lect. viii. pp. 207, 420, et seqq. (Amer. ed. 1860). S.]

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ὁ λόγος .

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τὰ ἄδηλα καὶ τὰ κρύφια τῆς σοφίας σου ἐδήλωσάς μοι .