Eusebius: Ecclesiastical History, Books I–X

Chapter I.—The Course pursued by the Apostles after the Ascension of Christ.

1. First, then, in the place of Judas, the betrayer, Matthias, ^{Edition note 1} who, as has been shown ^{Edition note 2} was also one of the Seventy, was chosen to the apostolate. And there were appointed to the diaconate, ^{Edition note 3} for the service of the congregation, by prayer and the laying on of the hands of the apostles, approved men, seven in number, of whom Stephen was one. ^{Edition note 4} He first, after the Lord, was stoned to death at the time of his ordination by the slayers of the Lord, as if he had been promoted for this very purpose. ^{Edition note 5} And thus he was the first to receive the crown, corresponding to his name, ^{Edition note 6} which belongs to the martyrs of Christ, who are worthy of the meed of victory.

2. Then James, whom the ancients surnamed the Just ^{Edition note 7} on account of the excellence of his virtue, is recorded to have been the first to be made bishop of the church of Jerusalem. This James was called the brother of the Lord ^{Edition note 8} because he was known as a son of Joseph, ^{Edition note 9} and Joseph was supposed to be the father of Christ, because the Virgin, being betrothed to him, “was found with child by the Holy Ghost before they came together,” ^{Edition note 10} as the account of the holy Gospels shows.

3. But Clement in the sixth book of his Hypotyposes ^{Edition note 11} writes thus:

4. But the same writer, in the seventh book of the same work, relates also the following things concerning him:

Paul also makes mention of the same James the Just, where he writes, “Other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.” ^{Edition note 17}

5. At that time also the promise of our Saviour to the king of the Osrhœnians was fulfilled. For Thomas, under a divine impulse, sent Thaddeus to Edessa as a preacher and evangelist of the religion of Christ, as we have shown a little above from the document found there. ^{Edition note 18}

7. When he came to that place he healed Abgarus by the word of Christ; and after bringing all the people there into the right attitude of mind by means of his works, and leading them to adore the power of Christ, he made them disciples of the Saviour’s teaching. And from that time down to the present the whole city of the Edessenes has been devoted to the name of Christ, ^{Edition note 19} offering no common proof of the beneficence of our Saviour toward them also.

8. These things have been drawn from ancient accounts; but let us now turn again to the divine Scripture. When the first and greatest persecution was instigated by the Jews against the church of Jerusalem in connection with the martyrdom of Stephen, and when all the disciples, except the Twelve, were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria, ^{Edition note 20} some, as the divine Scripture says, went as far as Phœnicia and Cyprus and Antioch, but could not yet venture to impart the word of faith to the nations, and therefore preached it to the Jews alone. ^{Edition note 21}

9. During this time Paul was still persecuting the church, and entering the houses of believers was dragging men and women away and committing them to prison. ^{Edition note 22}

10. Philip also, one of those who with Stephen had been entrusted with the diaconate, being among those who were scattered abroad, went down to Samaria, ^{Edition note 23} and being filled with the divine power, he first preached the word to the inhabitants of that country. And divine grace worked so mightily with him that even Simon Magus with many others was attracted by his words. ^{Edition note 24}

11. Simon was at that time so celebrated, and had acquired, by his jugglery, such influence over those who were deceived by him, that he was thought to be the great power of God. ^{Edition note 25} But at this time, being amazed at the wonderful deeds wrought by Philip through the divine power, he feigned and counterfeited faith in Christ, even going so far as to receive baptism. ^{Edition note 26}

12. And what is surprising, the same thing is done even to this day by those who follow his most impure heresy. ^{Edition note 27} For they, after the manner of their forefather, slipping into the Church, like a pestilential and leprous disease greatly afflict those into whom they are able to infuse the deadly and terrible poison concealed in themselves. ^{Edition note 28} The most of these have been expelled as soon as they have been caught in their wickedness, as Simon himself, when detected by Peter, received the merited punishment. ^{Edition note 29}

13. But as the preaching of the Saviour’s Gospel was daily advancing, a certain providence led from the land of the Ethiopians an officer of the queen of that country, ^{Edition note 30} for Ethiopia even to the present day is ruled, according to ancestral custom, by a woman. He, first among the Gentiles, received of the mysteries of the divine word from Philip in consequence of a revelation, and having become the first-fruits of believers throughout the world, he is said to have been the first on returning to his country to proclaim the knowledge of the God of the universe and the life-giving sojourn of our Saviour among men; ^{Edition note 31} so that through him in truth the prophecy obtained its fulfillment, which declares that “Ethiopia stretcheth out her hand unto God.” ^{Edition note 32}

14. In addition to these, Paul, that “chosen vessel,” ^{Edition note 33} “not of men neither through men, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ himself and of God the Father who raised him from the dead,” ^{Edition note 34} was appointed an apostle, being made worthy of the call by a vision and by a voice which was uttered in a revelation from heaven. ^{Edition note 35}