382 ADWestern / Latin Church
Council of Rome (Pope Damasus I)
Promulgated one of the earliest Western canonical decrees, receiving the 73 books including deuterocanonical works.
Sources & method
Text basis: Hosted scripture uses public-domain translations and local canon data; chapter links stay inside the source text. Sources
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Scripture study
Canons & traditions
Compare the books received by each tradition.
Choose a tradition or compare two collections. Open a book for its hosted editions and source witnesses.
Comparative Canonicity & Tradition Explorer
Multi-Canonicity Matrix
Examine which books are received as sacred Scripture across six major traditions. Explore manuscript witnesses from the Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, and Masoretic Text, with direct links into the hosted record.
Traditional book totals use each tradition’s enumeration. This matrix counts hosted entries, which can list additions or parts separately. Chapter counts describe the hosted editions; they do not define a tradition’s canon.
| Book & Category | Prot | Cath | Orth | Eth | Arm | Tanakh | Witnesses | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torah / Law · 50 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Torah / Law · 40 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Torah / Law · 27 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Torah / Law · 36 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Torah / Law · 34 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 24 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 21 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 31 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 24 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 22 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 25 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 29 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 36 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 10–23 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 13 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Old Testament Narrative · 10–16 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Poetry & Wisdom · 42 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Poetry & Wisdom · 150–151 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Poetry & Wisdom · 31 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Poetry & Wisdom · 12 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Poetry & Wisdom · 8 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Major Prophets · 66 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Major Prophets · 52 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Major Prophets · 5 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Major Prophets · 48 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Major Prophets · 12–14 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 14 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 3–4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 9 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 1 hosted chapter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 7 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 2 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 14 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
Twelve Minor Prophets · 3–4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Read | |
The Four Gospels · 28 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
The Four Gospels · 16 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
The Four Gospels · 24 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
The Four Gospels · 21 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic History · 28 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 16 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 16 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 13 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 6 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 6 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 5 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 6 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 4 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 1 hosted chapter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 13 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 5 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 5 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 3 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 5 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 1 hosted chapter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 1 hosted chapter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apostolic Epistles · 1 hosted chapter | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Apocalypse · 22 hosted chapters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 14 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 16 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 10 hosted chapters | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 19 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 51 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 5–6 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 1 hosted chapter | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 1 hosted chapter | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 1 hosted chapter | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 16 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 15 hosted chapters | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 9 hosted chapters | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 1 hosted chapter | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 1 hosted chapter | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 7 hosted chapters | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 16 hosted chapters | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 18 hosted chapters | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | Read | |
Deuterocanon / Anagignoskomena · 12–14 hosted chapters | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Ethiopian Narrower Canon · 108 hosted chapters | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | Read | |
Ethiopian Narrower Canon · 50 hosted chapters | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | Read |
Historical Milestones & Canon Decrees (382 AD – 1672 AD)Click to inspect historical timeline
c. 391 ADLatin Patristic
Jerome’s Prologus Galeatus (Helmed Preface)
Distinguished Hebrew canon (24 books) from ecclesiastical books; praised Greek deuterocanon for edification but noted they were outside the Hebrew text.
397 ADNorth African Church
Third Council of Carthage
With Augustine presiding, published the 73-book biblical canon used consistently in the West for over a millennium.
April 8, 1546Roman Catholic
Council of Trent (Session IV)
Issued a solemn dogmatic definition listing all 73 books of the Catholic Bible as sacred and canonical under anathema.
1563Anglican / Reformed
Thirty-Nine Articles (Article VI)
Designated 66 books as canonical Scripture for doctrine; retained deuterocanon for life and manners but not to establish doctrine.
1646Presbyterian / Reformed
Westminster Confession of Faith
Strictly confined canonical Scripture to 66 books, stating the Apocrypha is of no divine authority and no otherwise to be used than human writings.
1672Eastern Orthodox
Synod of Jerusalem (Confession of Dositheus)
Affirmed the Greek Septuagint canon, specifically naming Wisdom, Judith, Tobit, Bel and the Dragon, Susanna, and Maccabees as genuine parts of Scripture.